@Article{WardBSGCBNVSKRK:2016:RePlOr,
               author = "Ward, Nicholas D. and Bianchi, Thomas S. and Sawakuchi, Henrique 
                         O. and Gagne-Maynard, William and Cunha, Alan C. and Brito, Daimio 
                         C. and Neu, Vania and Val{\'e}rio, Aline de Matos and Silva, 
                         Rodrigo da and Krusche, Alex V. and Richey, Jeffrey E. and Keil, 
                         Richard G.",
          affiliation = "{University of Florida} and {University of Florida} and 
                         {Universidade de S{\~a}o Paulo (USP)} and {University of 
                         Washington} and {Universidade Federal do Amap{\'a} (UFAP)} and 
                         {Universidade Federal do Amap{\'a} (UFAP)} and {Universidade 
                         Federal Rural da Amazonia (UFRAM)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Universidade Federal do Oeste do 
                         Par{\'a} (UFOPA)} and {Universidade de S{\~a}o Paulo (USP)} and 
                         {University of Washington} and {University of Washington}",
                title = "The reactivity of plant-derived organic matter and the potential 
                         importance of priming effects along the lower Amazon River",
              journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences",
                 year = "2016",
               volume = "121",
               number = "6",
                pages = "1522--1539",
                month = "June",
             keywords = "dissolved organic carbon, aquatic, priming, litter leachate, 
                         remineralization, reactivity.",
             abstract = "Here we present direct measurements of the biological breakdown of 
                         C-13-labeled substrates to CO2 at seven locations along the lower 
                         Amazon River, from bidos to the mouth. Dark incubation experiments 
                         were performed at high and low water periods using vanillin, a 
                         lignin phenol derived from vascular plants, and at the high water 
                         period using four different C-13-labeled plant litter leachates. 
                         Leachates derived from oak wood were degraded most slowly with 
                         vanillin monomers, macrophyte leaves, macrophyte stems, and whole 
                         grass leachates being converted to CO2 1.2, 1.3, 1.7, and 2.3 
                         times faster, respectively, at the upstream boundary, bidos. 
                         Relative to bidos, the sum degradation rate of all four leachates 
                         was 3.3 and 2.6 times faster in the algae-rich Tapajos and Xingu 
                         Rivers, respectively. Likewise, the leachates were broken down 3.2 
                         times more quickly at bidos when algal biomass from the Tapajos 
                         River was simultaneously added. Leachate reactivity similarly 
                         increased from bidos to the mouth with leachates breaking down 1.7 
                         times more quickly at Almeirim (midway to the mouth) and 2.8 times 
                         more quickly across the river mouth. There was no discernible 
                         correlation between in situ nutrient levels and remineralization 
                         rates, suggesting that priming effects were an important factor 
                         controlling reactivity along the continuum. Further, continuous 
                         measurements of CO2, O-2, and conductivity along the confluence of 
                         the Tapajos and Amazon Rivers and the Xingu and Jaraucu Rivers 
                         revealed in situ evidence for enhanced O-2 drawdown and CO2 
                         production along the mixing zone of these confluences.",
                  doi = "10.1002/2016JG003342",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016JG003342",
                 issn = "2169-8961",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "ward_the reactivity.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "27 abr. 2024"
}